Ukupakishwa kwe-graphite,{0}njengokusebenza okuphezulu kokuvala, kusetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yamakhemikhali, ye-petroleum, yamandla, neyokukhiqiza imishini. Ukuphakama kwayo okuphezulu{2}}kwezinga lokushisa nokugqwala kwayo, kanye{3}}nezakhiwo zayo zokuzigcoba, kuyenza ibe yingxenye esemqoka ezinhlelweni zokuvala izimboni. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kwezimpawu, ukuvuza, ngisho nokulimala kwemishini. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda izindlela ezifanele zokusebenzisa ukupakishwa kwe-graphite kubalulekile.
1. Ukukhetha kanye Nokwelashwa Kwangaphambili Kwe-Graphite Packing
Uma ukhetha ukupakisha kwe-graphite, kubalulekile ukunquma uhlobo olufanele ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezithile zokusebenza (ezifana nezinga lokushisa, ukucindezela, nokubola kwemidiya). Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zokupakisha ze-graphite zifaka i-graphite enwetshiwe kanye ne-graphite efakiwe (efana ne-resin, insimbi, noma i-polytetrafluoroethylene). Ezindaweni zokushisa-eziphezulu kanye{3}}nengcindezi ephezulu,{4}}i-graphite enwetshiwe emsulwa ephezulu noma insimbi{5}}i-graphite ehlanganisiwe iyanconywa ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla ayo emishini kanye nokungeneka.
Ukupakishwa kwe-graphite kufanele kulungiswe kahle ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Okokuqala, hlola ubuqotho bokupakisha ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi abunakwaphuka noma ukungcola. Okwesibili, uma ukupakisha kukuroli noma kufomu lebhulokhi, kufanele kusikwe kubude obufanele ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bomgodi wokuvala, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amaphethelo asikiwe abushelelezi ukugwema ama-burrs angase athinte umphumela wokuvala. Ukuze uthole ukupakishwa kwe-graphite okufakiwe, qinisekisa ukuthi ungqimba olufakiwe aluxebuki noma alulimele. Uma kunesidingo, ukupholishwa okukhanyayo kungenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphela kwendawo.
2. Amasu okupakisha kanye nokulawula kokucindezela
Inqubo yokupakisha yokupakisha i-graphite ithinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kokubeka uphawu. Ngesikhathi sokupakisha, umgomo "wokuhlanganisa ongqimba" kufanele ulandelwe, ugcwalise umgodi wokuvala umbuthano owodwa ngesikhathi. Qinisekisa ukuthi imiphetho eyisikiwe yendingiliza ngayinye inyakaziswa ngo-90℃-120℃ukuze kwakheke umgoqo wokuvala oqhubekayo. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-hook yokupakisha ezinikele noma ithuluzi lokucindezela ukuze ugweme ukucindezela okuqondile okwenziwa ngesandla, okungase kubangele ukuguqulwa kokupakisha okungalingani.
Ukucindezela kuyipharamitha ebalulekile yokupakishwa kwegraphite. Ukucindezelwa ngokweqile kungaholela ekutheni ukupakisha kube lukhuni, ukungqubuzana okwandisiwe, ngisho nokulimala endaweni yokuvala; ukucindezela okunganele kungabangela ukuvuza kalula. Ngokuvamile, ukucindezelwa kokupakisha kokuqala kufanele kulawulwe ku-15% -30% ye-axial clearance, futhi ukupakisha kufanele kulungiswe kancane kancane kuze kube sezingeni eliphezulu kusetshenziswa indlala. Kuzimpawu eziguqukayo (njengalezo ezikumigodini ezungezayo noma izinti eziphindaphindayo), qinisa amabhawodi edlala izikhathi eziningi. Ngemuva kokuqiniswa ngakunye, sebenzisa okokusebenza futhi ubheke ukuvuza kuze kube yilapho kutholakala uphawu oluzinzile.
3. Ukusebenza, Ukunakekela, kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga
Ukupakishwa kwe-graphite kungase kuhlangabezane nokuvuza okuncane ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokuqala. Lokhu kuvamile futhi ngokuvamile kungaqedwa ngokuqinisa kancane kancane indlala. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuvuza kuqhubeka noma kuba kubi kakhulu, lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo kufanele ziphenywe:
1.Indlala iqine kakhulu noma iqiniswe kakhulu: Sebenzisa i-torque wrench ukuze ulinganise amandla okuqinisa ibhawodi ukuze ugweme ukugxiliswa kwengcindezi yendawo.
2.Ukuguga kokupakisha: Ngemva{1}}kukusebenza isikhathi eside, ukupakishwa kwe-graphite kungase kuhluleke ngenxa yokungqubuzana noma ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali futhi kudinga ukushintshwa njalo.
3.Ukuhambelana kwemidiya: Uma into yokuvala iqukethe izinhlayiya eziqinile (ezifana nodaka noma isihlabathi), kuyanconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe i-carbon fibre{1}}i-graphite eqinisiwe noma ukupakishwa kwenhlanganisela ngezithambisi ezingeziwe.
Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa okujwayelekile, hlola njalo uhlelo lokuvala izinga lokushisa, ukudlidliza, nokuvuza. Uma ibhokisi lokugxusha litholwa lishisa ngokweqile (ngokuvamile ngenxa yokungqubuzana okukhulu), izinyathelo ezifanele zokuthambisa zingasetshenziswa (njengokujova inani elincane lamafutha abicah) noma kusetshenziswa i-PTFE{1}}i-PTFE{1}}i-impregnated graphite packing ukuze kuncishiswe i-friction coefficient.
4. Izincomo Zokufaka Isicelo Sezimo Ezikhethekile Zokusebenza
Ukupakishwa kwe-graphite kudinga izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe uma kusetshenziswa ezimeni zokusebenza ezidlulele kakhulu (njengamazinga okushisa-aphezulu kakhulu, izindawo ezigqwala kakhulu, noma izindawo zemisebe yenuzi):
•Ultra-high temperature environments (>600℃): Sebenzisa-i-graphite enwetshiwe ephezulu noma i-composite metal{2}}i-impregnated packing, futhi uhlanganise nesakhiwo sokupholisa.
•Okwemidiya egqwala kakhulu (njengama-asidi aqinile nezisekelo): Iphakethe le-graphite elifakwe i-PTFE noma i-ceramic coating ikhethwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana namakhemikhali.
•For high-pressure sealing (>30 MPa): Sebenzisa-ungqimba oluningi oluphezulu{2}}ukupakishwa kwegraphite okuminyanisayo kuhlanganiswe nezimbongolo zensimbi ukuze uvale.
Isiphetho
Ukupakishwa kwe-graphite kunezinzuzo eziphawulekayo zokusebenza, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kuncike kakhulu ekusebenzeni nokugcinwa okufanele. Ngokukhetha kwesayensi, ukugcwaliswa okujwayelekile, ukucindezelwa okufanele, nokugcinwa okuvamile, ukuphila kwezimpawu kunganwetshwa kakhulu futhi ukusebenza kwemishini kungaqinisekiswa ngokuphepha. Ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo, kunconywa ukuhlanganisa izimo ezithile zokusebenza futhi uthintane nabahlinzeki bezinto ezibonakalayo noma ochwepheshe bokubeka uphawu uma kunesidingo sokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kokupakisha kwegraphite.
