Iphepha le-graphite liwumsebenzi{0}}ophezulu owenziwe nge-graphite yemvelo noma yokwenziwa ngenqubo ekhethekile. Ingxenye yayo yamakhemikhali eyinhloko yikhabhoni (C), futhi amabhlogo ayo okwakha ayinhloko ama-graphite microcrystals esakhiweni esinezingqimba. Iphepha le-graphite alibonisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kukagesi kanye ne-thermal kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali, kodwa futhi alisindi, liyagobeka, futhi alikwazi ukugqwala,{3}}ayikwazi ukugqwala, okulenza lisetshenziswe kakhulu ezintweni zikagesi, ekulawuleni ukushisa, nasekusetshenzisweni kwamandla amasha.
Ukubunjwa Kwamakhemikhali Okuyinhloko Kwephepha Legraphite
Ingxenye yamakhemikhali eyinhloko yephepha le-graphite yikhabhoni. Isakhiwo sayo sekristalu siyisakhiwo esinezingqimba eziyi-hexagonal. Isendlalelo ngasinye siboshwe ngokuhlanganyela ama-athomu e-carbon nge-sp² hybrid orbitals, okwakha inethiwekhi eqinile-enobukhulu obubili. Izendlalelo ziboshelwe amandla abuthakathaka e-van der Waals, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuhle kakhulu kukagesi kanye nokuthambisa eziqondisweni ezihambisana nezindiza zongqimba, kuyilapho kukhombisa izinga lokucwenga komshini eziqondisweni ze-perpendicular.
Emkhiqizweni wezimboni, iphepha le-graphite ngokuvamile lenziwa nge-natural flake graphite noma{0}}i-purity synthetic graphite ephezulu ngokusebenzisa{1}}izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukwanda, ukugoqa, noma ukubumba. Ngokuya ngendlela yokucubungula, iphepha le-graphite ngokuvamile liqukethe i-95% kuya ku-99.9% yekhabhoni. Ezinye izingxenye zokulandela umkhondo zingafaka-ama-elementi ensimbi njenge-oxygen, i-hydrogen, ne-nitrogen. Lokhu kungcola ngokuyinhloko kuvela kuzibophezelo zemvelo ezintweni ezingavuthiwe noma izinsalela zenqubo yokucubungula.
Ukuzinza Kwekhemikhali kanye Nokusebenza Kwephepha Legraphite
Ngenxa yokuthi ikhabhoni izinzile kumakhemikhali okushisa okuguquguqukayo futhi ayisheshi ukusabela nge-acids, izisekelo, noma izincibilikisi eziphilayo, iphepha le-graphite libonisa ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu futhi ligcina ukusebenza kwalo endaweni yamakhemikhali enokhahlo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwezingqimba zephepha le-graphite kulivumela ukuthi ligcine ubuqotho besakhiwo ngisho nasezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa, ngokuvamile elisukela ku-300℃kuya ku-500℃(kuya ngobumsulwa balo), futhi lingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme ngisho nangaphezulu ngaphansi kwegesi engasebenzi.
I-graphite paper conductivity kagesi kanye ne-thermal conductivity nayo ibangelwa ukuhlelwa kwayo okuyingqayizivele kwama-athomu e-carbon. Amabhondi aqinile e-covalent phakathi kwama-athomu ekhabhoni ngaphakathi kwezendlalelo avumela ama-electron ukuthi ahambe ngokukhululeka, okuholela ekusebenzeni kukagesi kwephepha le-graphite elifinyelela ku-10³ ukuya ku-10⁵ S/m, lisondele kumaleveli ezinye izinsimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisana okubuthakathaka phakathi kwezendlalelo kuvumela ukudluliswa kokushisa okuphumelelayo, okuholela ekusebenzeni okushisayo kwe-100-400 W/(m·K), okuphakeme kakhulu kunokwezinto ezijwayelekile ze-polymer.
Iphepha le-graphite, into esebenzayo ngokuyinhloko ehlanganiswe{0}}nekhabhoni emsulwa ephezulu, iziqhayisa ngokuzinza kwamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo esinezendlalelo esiyingqayizivele, esikunikeza amandla okusebenza okuhlukahlukene. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula i-graphite, ukusebenza kwephepha le-graphite kuzothuthukiswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo{2}}zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina ezifana nokupakishwa kwe-electronic, ukupholisa ibhethri lamandla amasha, kanye ne-aerospace.
