I-Graphite{0}emsulwa Ephakeme: Ayisekho Iphakheji. Iyasebenza Ngempela!

Njengoba iyinketho efunwayo-embonini{1}}ephezulu, amandla{2}}e-purity graphite ephezulu awanakubukelwa phansi. Ngezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokuzigcoba{4}, amandla aphezulu, ukuphatheka kahle kukagesi, ukumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, i-coefficient encane yokunwetshwa, ukuqina kwamakhemikhali okuhle kakhulu, ukusebenza kokuqina okuphezulu, kanye nesakhiwo esifanayo nesiminyene, izinza ngokuqinile ezimbonini ezifana nogesi, i-metallurgy, ukuvikela izwe kanye ne-aerospace, amandla, nobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inesikhundla esibalulekile emikhakheni esafufusa efana-nesizukulwane sesithathu sama-semiconductors, imboni yenuzi, nama-photovoltaics, futhi ingabhekwa "njengengxenye eyinhloko" ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe.

I-graphite -emsulwa ephezulu ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-graphite ephezulu yemvelo-emsulwa kanye ne-artificial high{2}}graphite ehlanzekile ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezingavuthiwe nezindlela zokuzilungiselela. I-graphite yemvelo-ehlanzekile kakhulu isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okuhle kakhulu kukagesi nezici zokudlulisa ukushisa, njengasezintweni ezibambayo, -ezembozwe zokugqwala, ama-carbon electrode, amajeneretha, okokugcoba, nezinto ezivikelayo embonini yenuzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-graphite yokwenziwa ephezulu{7}}ehlanzekile isetshenziswa{8}ku-anode ebhakiwe ngaphambili, i-graphite ekhethekile, kanye nemboni ye-nuclear ngenxa ye-morphology yayo efanayo kanye nokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana.

Ukukhiqizwa-kwe-graphite ehlanzekile evela ku-graphite yemvelo ngokuvamile kuhilela kuqala ukusebenzisa indlela ye-flotation ukuze kuhlanzwe insimbi ye-graphite ekuqaleni, bese kusetshenziswa indlela ye-alkali-ye-asidi noma indlela ye-hydrogen fluoride ukuze kuqhutshekwe kuhlanzwe i-flotation concentrate, futhi ekugcineni kutholwe{2}}imikhiqizo ye-graphite yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu ngokusebenzisa izindlela{3}zezinga lokushisa eliphezulu{4}eliphezulu{4} Kodwa-ke, i-graphite yokwenziwa ephezulu{6}}yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu ngokuvamile itholakala ngokucubungula izinto ezingavuthiwe bese izibeka esithandweni somlilo esiklanywe ngokukhethekile{7}}sezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukuze kwenziwe i-graphitization kanye nokuhlanzwa. Inqubo eyinhloko iwukusebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu lesithando somlilo ukwenza i-graphitize i-petroleum coke ne-asphalt coke, kanye nokwethula amagesi e-halogen ukuze asabele ekungcoleni, okuwabangele ukuba ahwamuke futhi ashibilike, ngaleyo ndlela athole{9}}i-graphite ehlanzekile.

Noma ngabe ukukhiqizwa-kwe-graphite yemvelo emsulwa noma{1}}i-graphite yokwenziwa ehlanzekile, izimfuneko eziqinile zibekwe kwikhwalithi yezinto ezingavuthiwe. Ukuze kuzuzwe izimfuneko eziphezulu-ze-graphite ehlanzekile evela ku-graphite yemvelo, kuphela indlela-yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu engahlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza. Nokho, indlela-yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu isebenzisa amandla aphezulu kanye nezidingo eziphezulu zemishini, ngakho futhi inezidingo ezithile zekhwalithi yezinto ezingavuthiwe. Ngokuvamile, isebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-graphite enobumsulwa obungu-99% etholwe ngezinye izindlela zokuhlanza ukuze ihlanzwe, igcine ifinyelele imfuneko engu-99.99%{10}}yokuhlanzeka kwegraphite ephezulu. Ukuze kwenziwe{12}}i-purity graphite ephezulu,{13}}ikhwalithi ephezulu ye-petroleum coke ne-asphalt coke kuvame ukukhethwa ukuze kukhiqizwe. Okuqukethwe komlotha we-petroleum coke kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.5%, futhi ngokuvamile kuphansi{16}}i-coke ye-sulphur petroleum coke kuphela esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe kwesibabule se-petroleum coke kungaphansi kuka-0.5%.

Izimboni ezisebenzisa{0}}i-purity graphite ephezulu njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zigxila kakhulu-ezinkambini zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme njengezinto ze-semiconductor, i-photovoltaics, i-graphene, ne-nuclear graphite.

Izinto-sesithathu ze-semiconductor yesizukulwane

  Embonini ye-semiconductor, imikhiqizo ye-graphite isetshenziswa kakhulu-kuzinto zokusebenza zokwelapha ukushisa okunezinga lokushisa eliphezulu njengeziko lokukhula kwekristalu, amafurnace e-carbonization, nama-graphitization furnaces. Imikhiqizo ephezulu-ehlanzekile ye-graphite esetshenziswa-esizukulwaneni sesithathu semiconductor silicon carbide ihlanganisa ama-graphite crucibles okukhula kwekristalu, izifudumezi ze-graphite, ne-graphite powder, njll. Ukuhlanzeka kwale mikhiqizo kudlala indima ebalulekile kwikhwalithi yamakristalu e-silicon carbide.

Njengamanje, amabhizinisi amaningi asebenzisa indlela yokuthutha umhwamuko lapho ekhiqiza amakristalu awodwa e-silicon carbide. Kule ndlela, i-silicon carbide powder ibekwe phansi kwe-graphite crucible, futhi i-silicon carbide seed crystal ibekwe phezulu kwe-graphite crucible. Khona-ke, i-graphite crucible iyashiswa kuze kube yilapho i-silicon carbide ifinyelela izinga lokushisa layo le-sublimation. Kamuva, i-silicon carbide powder kancane kancane ibola ibe izinto eziwumoya njenge-Si vapor, i-Si2C, ne-SiC2. Lezi zinto zizoncipha kancane kancane ziye phezulu kwe-crucible ngaphansi kwe-axial temperature gradient futhi zijiyane phezu kwekristalu lembewu ye-SiC phezulu kwe-crucible, ngaleyo ndlela zithole i-silicon carbide crystals eyodwa.

I-graphite yenyukliya

   I-nuclear-izinga eliphezulu{1}}i-purity graphite iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu kubunjiniyela bamandla enuzi. Izinto ze-nuclear-zebanga le-graphite zisetshenziswa kumongo we

-izinga lokushisa eliphezulu-ama-reactor apholile, njengamashubhu, ama-elementi kaphethiloli, nezinto zokusekela.

I-nuclear-grade graphite kumele ibe phezulu{1}}i-purity graphite. I-graphite -ehlanzekile kakhulu iqukethe ama-aggregate, ama-binder kanye nama-ejenti afaka isisu. Ama-aggregate ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa-i-petroleum coke efana nenaliti kanye ne-asphalt coke. I-nuclear-izinga eliphezulu{8}}i-graphite ehlanzekile inezidingo eziqinile zokulawula ama-trace elements. Ngaphansi kwesimo esingangenisi umoya, ibalwa{10}}nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu{11}}isikhathi eside ukuze ihlanzwe, isuse ukungcola futhi inciphise okuqukethwe kwezakhi zokulandelela ezifana nama-halogen kanye{12}}nezinsimbi ezincibilikayo{13}eziphansi. I-carbonization molding ye-nuclear{15}}grade high{16}}i-purity graphite isebenzisa inqubo yokucindezela ye-isostatic. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zifakwa esikhunjeni esinwebekayo somzimba, sivalwe ngokuqinile, bese kukhishwa umoya ukuze kugcinwe indawo engenalutho. Isikhunta sifakwa ku-isostatic hydraulic cylinder, futhi uketshezi lwe-isotropic lwenza ingcindezi efanayo kusikhunta, ludlulisele ukucindezela ku-carbon material, okwenza ukuthi impahla eluhlaza ibe minyene.

Inkambu ye-Photovoltaic

Embonini ye-photovoltaic, ikakhulukazi njengezinto ze-electrode zamaseli elanga, i-graphite inezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. I-conductivity yayo enhle kakhulu kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali kuyenza ibe yinto ekahle yokukhiqiza ama-electrode amaseli elanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho,{2}}uhlobo lwe-silicon single crystal growth furnace luyisisetshenziswa esiyinhloko sokulungisa izinto ze-silicon single crystal. Isistimu yokushisisa yesithando somlilo sekristalu eyodwa ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa{4}}izifudumezi ze-graphite ezihlanzekile, izinsimbi ze-quartz, izinsimbi ze-graphite, nezinto zokufaka ugesi, njll. Ngokufaka ugesi wamanje oqondile kusishisi se-graphite, umthombo oshisayo unikezwa ukuze uncibilikise impahla eluhlaza ye-polycrystalline silicon. Amandla we-heater angashintshwa nge-voltage noma i-current of the power supply. Ukushisa okukhishwe yi-heater kufakwa uhlelo lokufakwa kwe-insulation, olungakha indawo yensimu eshisayo elungele ukukhula kwamakristalu e-silicon eyodwa.

I-graphene

I-Graphene njengamanje iyi-nanomaterial encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni, equkethe ukuqina kwamakhemikhali aphezulu kanye nokuzinza kwe-thermal, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini nezikagesi. Inamathemba okusebenza abanzi. Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko zokulungiselela i-graphene ziphezulu-i-purity graphite.

Abanye

    Enkambini ye-aerospace eyinselele kakhulu,{0}}i-graphite ehlanzekile ephezulu isasebenza kahle kakhulu. Isetshenziswa kuma-nozzle throat liner of rocket engine tails, i-neutron moderator yama-atomic reactors, izinto ezivikela ukushisa ezicitshwayo{2}}nokumelana nokushisa, kanye noxhumo lomsakazo nezinto zesakhiwo eziqhubayo kumasathelayithi okwenziwa konke kufaka phakathi{3}}ubumsulwa begraphite.