Iphepha le-graphite, into esekelwe kukhabhoni yenoveli{{0}, libonisa amathuba okusebenza abanzi ku-electronics, ukuphathwa kwe-thermal, namandla amasha ngenxa yendlela yokusebenza kahle kagesi ne-thermal kanye nezakhiwo ze-lightweight. Kodwa-ke, ukulungiswa kwayo kudinga ukulawula okuphezulu kakhulu phezu kwemingcele yenqubo, futhi ukuqonda amasu abalulekile kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile.
Ukukhetha impahla eluhlaza kanye nokwelashwa kusengaphambili kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile. I-graphite yemvelo-ehlanzekile yemvelo ephezulu noma i-graphite enwetshiwe iyona nto yokuqala esetshenziswayo, enobumsulwa obudlula u-99% ukugwema ukungcola. Phakathi nesigaba sokwelashwa, i-graphite ifakwa i-oxidized nge-ejenti ehlanganayo (njenge-sulfuric acid noma i-nitric acid) ukuze yakhe izinhlanganisela ze-graphite intercalation ezikhishwayo. Phakathi nalesi sinyathelo, ukugxiliswa kwe-ejenti ehlanganayo, izinga lokushisa lokusabela, nesikhathi sokusabela kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqondile-ngokwesibonelo, isilinganiso se-sulfuric acid egxilile ku-graphite ngokuvamile singu-3:1 kuya ku-5:1, futhi izinga lokushisa lokusabela kufanele ligcinwe phakathi kuka-0–5℃ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala kwesakhiwo okubangelwa i-exotherm eyeqile.
Amasu okukhipha kanye nokwakhiwa kwefilimu athinta ngokuqondile i-microstructure yephepha le-graphite. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zifaka i-mechanical exfoliation kanye ne-chemical vapor deposition (CVD). E-mechanical exfoliation, i-graphite ehlanganisiwe ikhishwa ibe yi-graphene eyodwa noma embalwa{2}}yengqimba kusetshenziswa{3}}i-speed ball milling noma i-ultrasonic dispersion. Lokhu bese kwakhiwa kube yiphepha-elifana nesakhiwo ngokuhlunga kwe-vacuum noma ngekhalenda. Phakathi nale nqubo, uhlobo nokugxilwa kwe-dispersant (njenge-N{7}}methylpyrrolidone) kufanele kuthuthukiswe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlanganisa amashidi. I-CVD, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isebenzisa umthombo wekhabhoni njenge-methane ukuze ikhiqize i-graphene ku-substrate yensimbi (njenge-nickel foil) ngokubola{9}}okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa. I-graphene ibe isidluliselwa ku-substrate eqondiwe. Ukulawula izinga lokukhula nokufana kuyinselele, futhi izinga lokushisa ngokuvamile kufanele ligcinwe liku-800-1000 degree.
Ukucubungula-okuthunyelwe nokulawulwa kwezakhiwo nakho kubalulekile. Ukucindezela kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuminyana kanye nokusebenza okushisayo kwephepha legraphite. Izinga lokushisa elinconywayo lokucindezela okushisa liyi-2000-3000 degree, futhi ingcindezi ilawulwa ku-5-10 MPa. Ukucindezela ngokweqile kungaholela kalula ekuqhekekeni okuphukayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwendawo (okufana ne-polymer noma i-metal coating) kungathuthukisa ukunamathela kumadivayisi, kuwenze afanelekele izinto zikagesi eziguquguqukayo.
Kafushane, ukulungiswa kwephepha le-graphite kuwubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obudinga ukulawulwa okunembile kuzo zonke izinyathelo, kusukela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe kuya kumkhiqizo ophelile. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini, imikhawulo yokusebenza kwephepha le-graphite izoqhutshelwa phambili, inikeze amathuba engeziwe{1}}wokukhiqiza okuphezulu.
